Transgender Discrimination - 1615 Words

Discrimination of Transsexuals For many years, members of the gay, lesbian and transgender communities have been persecuted because of their sexual orientation. The group that will be the focused on in this essay is transsexuals. Transgender is a term that describes transvestites and transsexuals, which is gender identification not sexual orientation. Transgender are individuals whose gender identities or gender expressions contrast with traditional social norms and expectations. Gender identity refers to a person’s sub-conscious sex or their internal sense of being male or female. Gender expression refers to the way a person shows their gender identity to others through their behavior. Transgender individuals should be allowed to have a†¦show more content†¦That is to say, if someone is happier being true to their gender identity rather than their assigned sex, then they should be allowed to change their sex and still maintain their basic human dignity. Pursuing this further, when people think of their values, they think of what is important to them in their lives such as success, kindness and pleasure. However, a particular value that may be important to one person may not be as important to someone else. Although people may not understand what it means to be transsexual, they must be willing to show human dignity to those who are. All humans should be treated with love and respect regardless of class, race, gender, or sexual orientation. Your personal identity is what makes you unique and it may change throughout time depending on the events that occur in ones life. In the case of adoption, when parents choose to adopt a child from another country, they usually describe to the adoption agencies the kind of child they feel competent to parent and the kind of family they are hoping to build (Spar 420). Hence, this child is coming from a different society and culture, but they will eventually adapt to the society and culture that they are going to be raised in. Consequently a transsexual is someone who is living in isolation within his or her own body. For this reason, it is not morally or ethically wrong for individuals to change their gender to be true to themselves. Julia SerranoShow MoreRelatedThe Discrimination Of Transgender People1525 Words   |  7 Pages Discrimination of transgender people has been in the news more lately than it was before, society is now at a cross roads of deciding how to respond to transgender people in ways we never have had to before. One of the issues people have being able to use the bathroom they identify with most. This issue is very large, and hard to find a common ground on. The essay written by David Halperin, Is There A History In Sexuality? discusses issues in society accepting sexuality and the problems that weRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Transgender Community1600 Words   |  7 Pagesare confused and respond negatively towards these changes. Transgenders are indiv iduals who identify with a gender that does not correspond with their sex, and so embrace the attributes of the particular gender they identify with. However, gender is a social construction that has allowed many to make sense of the world, it has established social norms, and those who follow it have been granted a sense of superiority against the transgender community. Consequently, when someone breaks these gender-basedRead MoreDiscrimination Against Transgender Individuals2826 Words   |  12 PagesDiscrimination against Transgender Individuals Outline I. Introduction A. Opener: B. Thesis Statement: This research paper will be discussing about discrimination against transgender individuals in society, at work, and in marriage as well as in family. II. First of all, there are discrimination against transgender individuals in society. A . Transgender individuals face discriminatory barriers to full equality 1. face difficulties meeting their basic needs 2. having their genderRead MoreTransgender People Face Harmful Discrimination1644 Words   |  7 Pagesmany misconceptions about them, transgender people face harmful discrimination, whether being told their feelings are invalid, that there is no such thing, or being killed for who they are. Identifying as a gender other than the one you are assigned at birth is seen as unnatural in a world ruled by a rigid gender binary, so understanding transgender people’s experiences is necessary for a safe life for them. Some protections are already available to transgender people, though paltry: Only â€Å"15Read MoreTransgender People Face Harassment And Discrimination1472 Words   |  6 Pages at least 21 transgender people have been victims of fatal violence in the United States, more killings of transgender people than any other year on record. More transgender people were killed in the first six months of this year than in all of 2014. While we don’t know many details about these victims’ experiences, research shows that transgender people face harassment and discrimination in numerous contexts throughout their lives. We know that the chances of facing discrimination, harassment andRead MoreInjust and Inhumane Transgender Discrimination Essay examples1590 Words   |  7 Pages Transgender people are no strangers to society: the concept of not feeling comfortable in ones birth-assigned gender has been around since man can remember. Its quite puzzling to see that many centuries later, people still treat transgender people of an alien-like nature, of some sort of non-human species. Transgender people have been discriminated for long enough. The discrimination sent towards them is wrong: theyre just humans who made changes to their lives for the better as all people haveRead MoreTransgender Students Face Discrimination On A Daily Basis1373 Words   |  6 PagesTransgender students face discrimination on a daily basis. The schools should be a safe place for students but, unfortunately, teachers, administers, and others students pass judgment, bully, and isolate them. The ignorance displayed in many parts of the United States towards the Lesbian, gay, bisexual , and transgender LGBT community have made their daily entrance, but they still have a difficult sometimes because of their gender. There are schools that discriminate and schools that do not discriminateRead MoreTransgender Discrimination At The Workplace : An Educational Workshop On Inclusion And Respect3021 Words   |  13 PagesNicolette Diodati Psychology of Identity Professor Carson March 31, 2015 Transgender Discrimination in the Workplace: An Educational Workshop on Inclusion and Respect As the recognition and inclusion of the LGBT community continues to grow and progress, there has been an increase in the importance of creating awareness about many issues surrounding the inequality this group faces. With much of the focus solely on Gay and Lesbian issues and awareness, other groups facing gender equality issuesRead MoreTransgender People Are Not Strangers To Society. Transgender948 Words   |  4 Pages Transgender people are not strangers to society. Transgender people have been around for thousands of years. Throughout the years, transgender people are getting more and more discriminated. Providing transgender people with discrimination protection is exceedingly important. Transgender people have the same right to feel comfortable just as cisgender, one who’s gender corresponds with his or her biological sex, people do. Transgender discrimination has been on the rise for many years, causingRead MoreThe Transgender Community Is An Integral Part Of The Lgbt Community1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe transgender community is an integral part of the LGBT community, although there are slight differences. The purpose of this paper is to bring to highlight such differences and discrimination that the transgender community faces. The Merriam Webster’s dictionary defines being transgender as â€Å"of, relating to, or being a person (as a transsexual or transvestite) who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person s sex at birth.† Typically

Netball And Volleyball Has Been Developed Over Many Years

This essay will look at how Netball and Volleyball have been developed over many years and how athletes prepare themselves to competitively take part in both of these sports. â€Å"Netball traces its roots back to basketball† which was established by James Naismith in 1891 to fulfill the need for a â€Å"high-spirited† game for men. (International netball, n.d.). Female teachers became captivated by this game and a version for girls was established with rules that were adapted to accommodate for social needs, such as; women’s participation in sport and the clothing women wore during this time. During the 1890’s women’s basketball was played on grass courts and women wore woolen gym frocks, white long sleeved shirts, a tie, woolen leggings and sandshoes (Netball New Zealand, 2014). By the early 1900’s the sport began to grow rapidly yet no official rules had been established, there were two versions; nine-a-side and five-a-side. Concern grew o ver the lack of official rules so during the 1960’s formal rules were developed and it was decided that every four years a World Champion tournament would be held. Women’s basketball officially changed names to netball in the 1970’s due to being rejected for the Olympics as two different sports with the same name could not compete. In the 1990’s netball became recognized as a sport of the Olympic Games and became part of the Commonwealth Games which demonstrates how far netball has come (International Netball Federation, 2014). The objective ofShow MoreRelatedNetball Is A Ball Sport Played By Two Teams Of Seven Players6558 Words   |  27 PagesNetball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s. By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women s Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed. As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions. Games are played on a rectangular court withRead MoreImportance Of Physical Activity Is Important For A Healthy Lifestyle1290 Words   |  6 PagesPhysical activity is extremely important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Peter Figueroa developed a framework to analyse racism within a society. In particular, when he looked at at how equity and access to society’s resources are affected by a person’s race. This is certainly relevant as people’s access and equity towards sports can be analysed through Figueroa’s Framework. There are five levels that make up Figueroa’s Framework. 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Learning skills has become a science in itself. Now, to reach the top of their game, athletes need to understand and consider the nature of skills, the physics of movement and the athletes’ own physical attributes and psychology. The following chapters delve into theRead MoreSports Tourism2380 Words   |  10 Pagessporting events. There is no universally accepted definition of sports tourism, but the terms ‘sport tourism’ and ‘sport tourist’ are often found in literature review. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist and sociologist from Kingston, Jamaica is one of the many theorists that have formulated an opinion of the definition of sports tourism. Hall is under the belief that sports tourism falls into two categories. These categories are ‘travel to participate in sport’ and ‘travel to observe sport’. As Hall believesRead MoreSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 PagesEncyclopedia Nike, Inc. is a major publicly traded Public company A publicly-traded company is a company that has permission to offer its registered securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or occasionally a company whose stock is traded over the counter via market makers who use non-exchange quotation services.-Securities... sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton Beaverton, Oregon BeavertonRead MoreSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 Pagesmedia sites.[18][19] During the Games, Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.[20] Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games.[21] Women s boxing was included for the first time; thus, the Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors.[22] Contents[hide] * 1 Bidding process * 2 Development

Michael John LaChiusa looking for love Essay Example For Students

Michael John LaChiusa: looking for love Essay Listen to the music, music doesnt lie, a middle-aged, married man tells the young man he is seducing in a stateroom on board the Titanic in Michael John LaChiusas new musical, Hello Again. Some important people in musical theatre the kind who make and shape careers have been listening to LaChiusas music and lyrics for nearly a decade Off Broadway, convinced that his work, both comic and tragic and terribly cynical would have its day. Indeed, LaChiusas time seems to have arrived. First Lady Suite, his musical vignettes of Jackie Kennedy, Mamie Eisenhover and Eleanor Roosevelt (with Amelia Earhart, Marian Anderson, Lorena Hickock, Margaret and Bess Truman, and others making cameo appearances) was produced in December at the new York Shakespeare Festival. Hello Again, LaChiusas first full-length musical, based on Arthur Schnitzlers La Ronde and directed by Graciela Daniele, opened the following month as part of Lincoln Center Theaters Festival of New American Plays. Now LaChiusa is collaborating with director Harold Prince on The Petrifield Prince, based on an unproduced Ingmar Bergman screenplay. Time will tell, but it is clear that an unusual new talent is being revealed, note by note, like a musical composition. Ira Weitzman, director of musical theatre at Lincoln Center, says LaChiusa has an unbelievable natural gift, and that he is a natural theatre writer with tremendous, quirky insights into human emotions and relationships. Success is so new to LaChiusa that, in an interview, he has no easy answers, the kind that come from having explained his work often. Nor is he adept at articulating his creative intent or his working process. He is better at simply putting his words to music. Nonetheless, LaChiusa is aware that he is at a turning point. There is no turning back now, he says more than once. The best adventure is one you havent taken yet, he adds, echoing the restless characters in Hello Again. If musi doesnt lie, then what truths can be found in the 31-year-old LaChiusas music and lyrics? That love is elusive, and that men and women are doomed in their search for it. That the search is not about sex although that is the primary form it takes in Hello Again but about happiness. Happiness is just a word   His musicals are about longing. I cant remember my husbands name/I cant remember my lovers name/But I remember what would have been/It has a name, an unhappy wife sings of her longing for happiness. Happiness doesnt exist, its a word, a U.S. senator tells an actress he is about to have an affair with. Happiness, it is assumed, is synonymous with love, and will come in the guise of another person. Ive been looking for someone, the man on the Titanic says to his dinner date. Aint we all? the younger man answers. Attempts at permanency end badly. LaChiusas characters (like those of Stephen Sondheim, to whom he has been compared) may couple briefly after a troubled courtship. Sondheims at least enjory some momentary pleasure during their pursuits (think of A Little Night Music or Company); LaChiusas simply have sex, then continue lives of lonely despair. Hello Again might serve as an unintentional modern-day advertisement for old-fashioned arranged marriages. LaChiusa has been mentioned as a leading member of a post-Sondheim generation of composers and lyricists who, as David Richards wrote in his review of First Lady Suite in the New York Times, are as happy to explore the dynamics of a relationship or the contents of a characters mind as their predecessors were to chronicle a clambake or a hoedown. .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .postImageUrl , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:hover , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:visited , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:active { border:0!important; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:active , .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b2e9c3bd8bee2c79b791489907e4dab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet? EssayI dont buy into that myself, responds Weitzman. I guess if anyone ever hears a dissonant chord or a dark thought, we think Sondheim. Pretty much all writers working today are influenced by Sondheim. I think what Michael John owes to Sondheim is a certain paying attention to the craft. LaChiusa grew up in Chautauqua, N.Y., the son of a football coach and a housewife. He moved to New York in 1980 at age 18 with dreams of writing musicals and just three years of piano lessons as a child (with a blind piano teacher I loved her dearly, he recalls) under his belt. Working at Tower Records, he could spend the day listening to recordings of opera and classical music. Opera, he exults, is the ultimate dramatization of theatre, with dance, music, every element to the max. Bernstein, Copland, Glass, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Tom Waits and Sting all get mentioned as influences before Sondheim or Webber come up. LaChiusa wrote four short musicals for the New Theater Wing, a works-in-progress program at Playwrights Horizons, and music for three shows for the comic performer Jeffrey Essman. He has also written librettos for three operas, including Anthony Daviss Tanya, based on the Patti Hearst affair. His librettos are sung through. There is little spoken dialogue, lyrics are rarely repeated, and there is almost never a refrain. His are not songs that can be hummed leaving the theatre, except maybe by those who can carry a post-minimalist tune. I do think they have a melody, LaChiusa says, explaining his music. I think our ears are a little more developed now. Stranger things are happening in music. It doesnt have to be AABA anymore, although theatre folks like AABA. Theres a time and a place for a 16-bar refrain, but sometimes no reason for it. It was Graciela Danieles idea to make a musical of La Ronde, but it seemed a perfect fit for LaChiusa, too. Weitzman, who had been looking for a full-length project for the composer, completely casually asked him if he had ever read Schnitzlers turn-of-the-century chronicle of sexual indiscretion. What happened next is Weitzmans favorite story about LaChiusa. Hes played all 10 scenes   In a day, he called and said, Well, Ive written the first scene,' remembers Weitzman. He came in and played it, and it was almost exactly as it is now. On the second day, he said, |Well, Ive written the second scene. He played it for Graciela, and she said yes. Thats very much how he is; if hes into something, hes very fast. He obviously had an intuitive idea of how to write it. It might be because LaChiusa says he can identify with the plays 10 couples. Ive been through all 10 scenes. I was very interested in their search for the ideal lover, in the idea that |the best adventure is one you havent taken yet. I am dying to have a family-, now is really the time. Hello Again tracks my desire to find it. I dont like sleeping alone; I dont like dreaming alone. LaChiusa updated Schnitzler so that Hello Again skips through time which also gives LaChiusa the opportunity to write music that reflects the periods of the century, from operetta, to movie musicals, to |50s rock-and-roll. Women do not fare well in LaChiusas musicals, but neither do men. In First Lady Suite (which grew out of his hobby of collecting First Lad lore) women are abandoned emotionally. Mamie knows she has lost Ike not to the war in which he was made general, but to his pretty chauffeur; Jackie is jetting her way to Dallas and widowhood; and Lorena Hickock takes herself and her heartbreak out to the wing of a plane being piloted by Amelia Earhart and Hickocks lover, Eleanor Roosevelt. .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .postImageUrl , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:hover , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:visited , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:active { border:0!important; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:active , .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6 .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1b59ac5b3d5c8bd14ea0d7103ce00f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Street Scene EssayIn Hello Again, all women are fallen women-literally. Danieles choreography leaves female characters on the floor, abandoned by their lovers. I think a lot of women feel theyre left on the floor, LaChiusa says of real-life relationships. I think a lot of men feel they can leave them there and walk out, But who is hurt more? Men are damaged in their leaving, as well. What seems quirky in First Lady Suite often seems brutally cynical in Hello Again. That element is there, LaChiusa admits. I am cynical about sex, which is reflected in the characters belief that sex is love and love is sex. You can call it love, but I dont think it is. Every single person in the show is searching for the ideal lover, which leads to the sense of hopelessness and desperation, he reasons. In a sense there is something beautiful in that, too that were human.

System and administration structure of Malaysia Essay Example For Students

System and administration structure of Malaysia Essay School of Accounting A ; Finance Malayan surveies 3 We will write a custom essay on System and administration structure of Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now MPU3173 System and disposal construction of Malaysia System and disposal construction of Malaya Group work Abstraction Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in the Southeast Asia, Composed of the southern Malay Peninsula of Malaya and is located in the northern Kalimantan island of Sarawak, Sabah. This study is speaking about the system and the disposal construction of Malaysia. The system of the Malaysia authorities is closely modeled on that of the Westminster parliamentary system, a bequest of British colonial regulation. The caput of the state is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong who is the male monarch of this province. Power in Malaysia is divided into 3 parts by the 3 bureaus responsible for it. They are the legislative assembly, the bench, and the executive. Meanwhileiin this paper, we besides discussion to the system and the disposal construction of my state, China. We will analyze the two counties’ different and contrast. Thereby, we can break understand each other. Understand each other’s civilization, history, political relations, is contributing to interchange betwe en us. contents page 1.introduction .1 2. Literature Reappraisal ..2 3. Method and stuffs for Malaya 4 3.1 Legislative 4 3.2 Executive .5 3.3 Judicial ..5 4. Method and stuffs for China ..6 LEGISLATIVE: .6 Executive: 7 Judiciary: 8 5.Different .9 6. Decision 11 7.Reference list ..12 Outline1 1. Introduction2 2. Literature Reappraisal3 3. Method and stuffs for Malaya4 3.1 Legislative5 3.2 Executive6 3.3 Judicial7 4. Method and stuffs for China8 LEGISLATIVE:9 Executive:10 Judiciary:11 5. Different12 6. Decision 1. Introduction Malaysia is a state in Southeast Asia dwelling of 13 provinces and three Federal Territories, with a entire land mass of 329,845 square kilometres ( 127,354 sq myocardial infarction ) . The United Malays National Organization ( UMNO ) , together with a alliance of political parties known as the National Front ( BN ) , has held power since independency in 1957. The capital metropolis is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the place of the federal authorities. The population stands at over 28 million. The state is separated by the South China Sea into two parts, Peninsular Malaysia and Malayan Borneo ( besides known as East Malaysia ) . Malaysia boundary lines Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei. It is near the equator and has a tropical clime. Malaysia’s caput of province is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, an elected sovereign, and the caput of authorities is the Prime Minister. The authorities is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system. In other words, is Malay sia a â€Å"constitutionally limited monarchy† , as the â€Å"new royalists† truly suggest and seek to keep, or a â€Å"constitutional monarchy† , as many others hold and have long believed. Malaysia is a democracy. The system and the disposal construction of Malaysia is be develop to 3 parts. Legislative power is divided between federal and province legislative assemblies. Executive power is vested in the cabinet, allow by the premier curate. Malaysia s legal system is based on English Common Law. Although the bench is theoretically independent, its independency has been called into inquiry and the assignment of Judgess deficiencies answerability and transparence. The Federation of Malaya was a federation of 11 provinces ( nine Malay provinces and two of the British Srtaits Settlements, Penang and Malacca ) that existed from 31 January 1 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957, and in 1963 was reconstituted as Malaya with the add-on of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak. The combination of provinces that once made up the Federation of Malaya is presently known as Peninsular Malaysia. 2. Literature Reappraisal The political relations of Malaysia takes topographic point in the model of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di Pertuan Agong is caput of province and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the caput of authorities, Executive power is exercised by the federal authorities and the 13 province authoritiess. Federal legislative power is vested in the federal parliament and the 13 province assemblies. The bench is independent of the executive and the legislative assembly, though the executive maintains a certain degree of influence in the assignment of Judgess to the tribunals. The Constitution of Malaysia is codified and the system of authorities is based on the curate system. The hierarchy of authorization in Malaysia, iin conformity to the Federal Constitution, has stipulated the three subdivisions ( administrative constituents ) of the Malayan authorities as consisting of the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative subdivision. Whereas, the Parliament consists of the Dewan Negara ( Upper House/House of Senate ) and Dewan Rakyat ( Lower House/House of Representatives ) . 2 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIVE Executive Judiciary State Degree State Degree YDPA ( as discussed above ) YDPA (  ·The state supreme head ·Above every one and can non be convicted in any trial ·constitutional monarchyHold the station for five years ·Selection ) FEDERAL LEVEL State LAGISLATIVE Assembly FERAL LEVEL RULES/YDN ( Yanch, Pertuan, Neger ) STATE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Rules Premier MINISTER ( how is Prime Minister approved ; Function/Role ; Ministers how ) .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .postImageUrl , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:hover , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:visited , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:active { border:0!important; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:active , .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41ec16e5d28848ad9c5669516425069a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marijuana Essay Summary Council OF THE RULES ( What ; Function/Role ) Senate MENTERI BESAT/CHIEF MINISTER HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE Cabinet 3 3. Method and stuffs for Malaya 3.1 Legislative Legislative power is divided between federal and province legislative assemblies. The bicameral parliament consists of the lower house, the House of Representatives or dewan Negara ( literally the â€Å"Chamber of the Nation† ) . All 70 Senate members sit for three-year footings ( to a upper limit of two footings ) ; 26 are elected by the 13 province assemblies and forty-four are appointed by the male monarch based on the advice of the Prime Minister. Parliament has a maximal authorization of five old ages by jurisprudence. The male monarch may fade out parliament at any clip, and normally does so upon the advice of the Prime Minister. General elections must be held within sivty yearss of the disintegration of parliament. I pattern, this has meant that elections have been held every three to five old ages at the discretion of the Prime Minister. Legislative power divided between federal and province legislative assemblies. Malaysia has two beginnings of jurisprudence. The national fundamental law, the nation’s supreme jurisprudence, can be amended by a tow-thirds bulk in parliament. ( Since its formation, the VN has neer lacked the necessary two0thirds until 2008†s General Election ) The 2nd beginning of jurisprudence is syariah ( Muslim jurisprudence ) , which applies merely to Muslims. Ther federal authorities has small input into the disposal of syariah ; it falls to the provinces to implement Islamic jurisprudence, and readings vary from province to province. The parliament follows a multi-party system and the regulating organic structure is elected through a first-past-the station system. 4 3.2 Executive Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the Prime Minister, the Malayan fundamental law stipulates that the premier curate must be a member of the Lower House of parliament who, in the sentiment of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong ( YDPA ) , commands a bulk in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of Parliament and is responsible to that organic structure. The executive subdivision of the authorities consists of the Prime Minister as the caput of the authorities, followed by the assorted curates of the Cabinet. Strictly talking, the Executive subdivision does non hold the right to step in in the Legislative or Judicial subdivisions of the province. This is to guarantee that the rule of separation of power is adhered to, as guaranteed by Article 127 of the Federal Constitution. 3.3 Judicial The bench is theoretically independent of the executive and the legislative assembly, although protagonists of the authorities hold many judicial places. The highest tribunal in the judicial system is the Federal Court, followed by he Court of Appeal, and two High Courts, one for Peninsular Malaysia, and one for East Malaysia. The subsidiary tribunals in each of these legal powers include Sessions Courts, Magistrates’Courts, and tribunals for Children. Malaysia besides has a Particular Court to hear instances brought by or against all Royalty. There is besides a Particular Court, established in 1993 to hear instances brought by or against Ruler. Before its constitution, Rulers were immune from any proceedings brought against them in their personal capacity. Rulers include the Yang di-Petuan Agong, and the caputs of province of Malaysia’s constituent provinces. 5 Separate from the civil tribunals are the Syariah Courts, which decide on instances which involve Malayan Muslims. These tribunals run parallel to the normal tribunal system, and are undergoing reforms that include the first of all time assignment of female Judgess. Argument exists in Malaysian over whether the state should be secular of Islamic. Some province authoritiess controlled by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, including that of Terengganu, have passed Islamic Torahs, but these have non gone into consequence due to resistance from the federal authorities. 4. Method and stuffs for China China is a communist state, is besides a one-party province. Since October 1, 1949, the initiation of China s statute law, disposal and bench are perfect, China is besides the regulation of law.Economics, get downing in the 1970 s reform and opening up, after more than 30 old ages of dramatic growing, China eventually surpassed Japan, became the universe s 2nd largest economic system after the United States. LEGISLATIVE: The National People s Congress of the People s Republic of China is the highest organ of province power. Its lasting organic structure is the standing commission of the National People s Congress ( NPC ) , have to amend the fundamental law, oversee the execution of the fundamental law, enacts and amends condemnable, civil, and province bureaus and other basic Torahs of power. The National People s Congress and the standing commission of the National People s Congress exercising province legislative power. 6 Executive: Chinese administrative leading degree are divided into: the National Day, deputy at the national degree, provincial degree at the, provincial deputy, sent at the, internal deputy, the county degree at the county degree deputy, XiangKeJi at, XiangKeJi deputy. China s administrative variety meats in general can be divided into 5 degrees: national, provincial, internal, county degree, XiangKeJi. Particular instance is: ( 1 ) under the province council ( national ) ; ( 2 ) the assorted ministries and committees under the province council, the states ( municipalities and independent parts ) authorities ( provincial ) ; ( 3 ) the assorted ministries and committees under the province council has sections, the provincial authorities office consists of the hall, around the metropolis ( internal ) ; ( 4 ) the ministries and sections under the office of the province council, the provincial agency under the office, the prefecture has office, counties and county-level metropolis ( county degree ) ; ( 5 ) the relevant units, small towns and towns authorities section ( XiangKeJi ) Administrative divisions shall be the province disposal for easiness of direction and hierarchal division of part. Therefore, administrative division besides called administrative countries. At present, the sum is divided into 23 states, five independent parts ( including Taiwan ) , four municipalities straight under the cardinal authorities, two particular administrative part. China s administrative division By the terminal of 2010, the national sum of 34 provincial administrative part ( including: four municipalities straight under the cardinal authorities, 23 states, five independent parts, two particular administrative part ) , 333 regional administrative units ( of which: 283 topographic points, 17 parts, 30 independent prefectures and three gold ) , 2856 county-level administrative units ( of which: 853 of the 370 territories, 370 county-level metropoliss, counties, independent counties, and 117 49 flag, three first-hand informations, two zones, one wood ) , 40906 township admi nistrative division unit Now in many instances, .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .postImageUrl , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:hover , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:visited , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:active { border:0!important; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:active , .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7 .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c2449e0d8dfa6303cea33227d8a8dc7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twenty Parts of the Brain and Their Functions Essay7 frequently used in east China, north China, south China, cardinal China, nor-east, sou-west, north-west seven country distribution, specific as follows: north China ( Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, shanxi, Inner Mongolia ) , east China ( Shanghai, shandong, jiangsu, anhui, jiangxi, zhejiang, fujian ) , cardinal China ( hubei, Hunan, henan ) , south China ( guangdong, guangxi, hainan ) , southwest ( chongqing, Szechwan, guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet ) , northwest ( shaanxi, Gansu, qinghai, ningxia, xinjiang ) , north-east ( heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning ) . ( below the provincial degree administrative unit statistics does non include Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan ) .At the provincial degree administrative part ( country codification ) ( or moniker ) country ( km2 ) population ( 10 thousand people ) or capital, provincial place of authorities, the provincial capital, and the nothing codification of the administrative country Judiciary: The judicial variety meats to exert the legal power of the province variety meats. In the capitalist states, the bench and the legislative assembly, the administrative organ reciprocally dependent ; In a socialist state, the judicial variety meats from belongs to the variety meats of province power and comparatively independent of other province variety meats. China s judicial establishments, general office, political section, the agency of prisons, reeducation through labour agency, imperativeness and promotion section of legal system, the counsel jurisprudence notary section, grass-roots work direction, the province judicial scrutiny section, legal section, research lab, judicial aid, foreign personal businesss section, fiscal equipment section, variety meats of the party commission, in the disposal of the subject, bureau services. 8 5. Different Now, let’s expression at about what China and Malaysia on a different system of authorities. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, the caput of province called the Supreme Head of Malaysia. China is a socialist state, the execution of the people’s Congress system, the People’s Congress is the highest authorization. The highest authorization is different because of the different national systems of two states. China is the People s Republic of China State Council executive. The Judiciary is the People s Court, People s Court is a national judicial and divided the Supreme Court local degrees and particular people s tribunals. Malaysia s political construction is the swayer of the meeting, the Conference of Rulers has a high power, the Prime Minister and State Minister of Justice provinces, Chief Minister to help the meeting. Parliament, besides known as the Congress, the highest legislative organic structure. By the House of Lords and House of Commons. Finally, there are political inquiries about the two states. Communist Party of China, is China s opinion party. State establishments Party People s Republic of China is the vanguard of the Chinese on the job category, while the vanguard of the Chinese people, is the taking nucleus of socialism with Chinese features and represents the development demands of China s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China s advanced civilization, and the Chinese the cardinal involvements of the people. Multi-party cooperation and political audience under the leading of the Communist Party of China is a basic political system of People s Republic of China is the political party system with Chinese features. 9 Chinese Peoples Advisory Conference under the leading of the Communist Party of China, there are assorted democratic parties, democratic personages without party association, people s organisations, cultural minorities and all nationalists who participated in by all socialist workers, nationalists who support socialism and reunion of the fatherland Patriots composing, including our compatriots in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and abroad Chinese compatriots, including the broadest loyal united forepart organisation. Malaya has more than 40 registered political parties. National Front alliance by 14 political parties in power. National FrontiBarisan National: The governing alliance. From April 1974 to spread out the party s base in the Malayan Union, the members of the party opposed independency. Each party s run logo and uniform when the Declaration of election campaigners seats allocated internal audiences. Stress economic development, organizing all political parties, the constitution of peace, stableness, prosperity and societal justness. The chief opinion party: The United Malays National Organization, Malaysian Chinese Association, Malaysian Indian Congress. Summarize, different states are politically in order to accommodate to the state s basic national conditions and development, the differences on the executive governments of the two states besides reflects the different civilizations and backgrounds. 10 6. Decision Now, Malaysia is an emerging diversified economic system. Economy by springs and bounds in the 1990s is one of the Asiatic Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Asia has become a compelling diversified emerging industrial states and emerging market economic systems in the universe. Tourism has become Malaysia s 3rd largest beginning of foreign exchange net incomes, knowledge-based economic system in the service sector besides synchronised enlargement. Has a long history of exchanges between China and Malaysia. Malaysia established diplomatic dealingss since the two states continue to spread out and intensify bilateral dealingss, conveying touchable benefits to both sides, but besides to advance the prosperity and advancement of the two states and the part played an of import function. The two sides will farther beef up coordination and cooperation in a broad scope of countries, work together to advance peace, stableness, security, harmoniousness and development in the two states and t he part. We came to Malaysia for six months, felt the sides of the people are really warm and friendly, more unfastened civilization, economic system is flourishing development. This is a state that makes people fell comfy and happy. We believe that Malaysia will develop better and better, with an progressively of import international position, to keep friendly dealingss with China. That’s all. Thank you. 11 7. Reference list Nazaruddin hajji mohd gaol, ma’rof redzuan, asnarulkhadi abu samah dan ismail hj mohd Rashid. ( 2004 ) .Pengajian Malaya: kengaraan dan kewarganegaraan.Edisi kedua.Petaling jaya. Prentice hall. Jayum A. jawan ( 2002 )political relations and authorities in Malaysia.Shah alam: karisma publications. Nazaruddin hj. Mohd gaol et.al ( 2001 )pengajian Malaysia,learner hall: selangor hypertext transfer protocol: //my.china-embassy.org/chn/malaysia/mlxygk/t174743.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-04/15/content_358691.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //asiancorrespondent.com/123737/the-confusion-about-constitutional-monarchy-in-malaysia/ hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia # Legislative hypertext transfer protocol: //www.doc88.com/p-687402941474.html hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya hypertext transfer protocol: //asiancorrespondent.com/123737/the-confusion-about-constitutional-monarchy-in-malaysia/ 12

scarlet letter essay1 essays

scarlet letter essay1 essays Through out Nathaniel Hawthones The Scarlet Letter, the main characters suffer psychological damage as a result of different forms of alienation. The character traits they posses make them more susceptible to certain types of alienation. Since Dimmesdale cannot reveal his secret to anyone, he can not share his pain. All the pent up guilt he has stored with in eats away at him, slowly deteriorating his body and soul. Dimmesdales masochistic and pious attributes greatly contribute to the extent of his alienation. For the reverend it was essential to his peace to feel the pressure of a faith about him. This need for punishment coupled with religious devotion gives reason for Dimmesdales secrecy. Hiding his intimate self from other people bestows Dimmesdale the punishment he so desperately seeks. His mental breakdown stemming from his social alienation is most clearly shown in the chapter the The Ministers Vigil. His self-torture leads him to walk under the influence of a species of somnambulism, thinking irrationally in a way not like himself. His pent up agony causes Dimmesdale to act out in ways like this that could reveal his secret. Dimmesdales psychological agony partly stems from a form of spiritual alienation. As a minister, he has a close relationship with God and has a strong sense of spirituality. Due to his sin, his relationship with God suffers in the way that his sin separates him from the teachings of Jesus. Without the virtue and purity he once held, Dimmesdale views himself unworthy in the eyes of God. While lying on the forest floor, Dimmesdale utters The judgment of God is on me, he is too mighty for me to struggle with! To close this gap of isolation between God and himself, Dimmesdale commits acts of penance to relieve his sin. His acceptance of Chillingworths torture and his use of the ...

A Short History of the American Red Cross

A Short History of the American Red Cross Historical Importance of the American Red Cross The American Red Cross is the only congressionally mandated organization to provide aid to victims of disaster and is responsible for fulfilling the mandates of the Geneva Convention within the United States. It was founded May 21, 1881 It has historically been known under other names, such as ARC; American Association of the Red Cross (1881 - 1892) and American National Red Cross (1893 - 1978). Overview Clara Barton, born in 1821, had been a schoolteacher, a clerk in the U.S. Patent Office, and had earned the nickname Angel of the Battlefield during the Civil War before she founded the American Red Cross in 1881. Bartons experiences of collecting and distributing supplies to soldiers during the Civil War, as well as working as a nurse on battlefields, made her a champion for the rights of wounded soldiers. After the Civil War, Barton aggressively lobbied for the establishment of an American version of the International Red Cross (which had been founded in Switzerland in 1863) and for the United States to sign the Geneva Convention. She succeeded with both the American Red Cross was founded in 1881 and the U.S. ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882. Clara Barton became the first president of the American Red Cross and led the organization for the next 23 years. Just days after the first local chapter of the American Red Cross was established in Dansville, NY on August 22, 1881, the American Red Cross jumped into its first disaster relief operation when they responded to the devastation caused by major forest fires in Michigan. The American Red Cross continued to aid victims of fires, floods, and hurricanes over the next several years; however, their role grew during the 1889 Johnstown flood when the American Red Cross set up large shelters to temporarily house those dislocated by the disaster. Sheltering and feeding continue to this day to be the largest responsibilities of the Red Cross immediately following a disaster. On June 6, 1900, the American Red Cross was given a congressional charter that mandated the organization to fulfill the provisions of the Geneva Convention, by rendering aid to those wounded during the war, providing communication between family members and members of the U.S. military, and administering relief to those affected by disasters during peacetime. The charter also protects the Red Cross emblem (a red cross on a white background) for use only by the Red Cross. On January 5, 1905, the American Red Cross received a slightly revised congressional charter, under which the organization still operates today. Though the American Red Cross has been given this mandate by Congress, it is not a federally funded organization; it is a non-profit, charitable organization that receives its funding from public donations. Though congressionally chartered, internal struggles threatened to topple the organization in the early 1900s. Clara Bartons sloppy bookkeeping, as well as questions regarding Bartons ability to manage a large, national organization, led to a congressional investigation. Instead of testifying, Barton resigned from the American Red Cross on May 14, 1904. (Clara Barton passed away April 12, 1912, at the age of 91.) In the decade following the congressional charter, the American Red Cross responded to disasters such as the ​1906 San Francisco earthquake and added classes such as first aid, nursing, and water safety. In 1907, the American Red Cross began working to combat consumption (tuberculosis) by selling Christmas Seals to raise money for the National Tuberculosis Association. World War I exponentially expanded the American Red Cross by significantly increasing Red Cross chapters, volunteers, and funds. The American Red Cross sent thousands of nurses overseas, helped organize the home front, established veterans hospitals, delivered care packages, organized ambulances, and even trained dogs to search for wounded. In World War II, the American Red Cross played a similar role but also sent millions of packages of food to POWs, began a blood collection service to aid the wounded, and established clubs such as the famous Rainbow Corner to offer entertainment and food to servicemen. After World War II, the American Red Cross established a civilian blood collection service in 1948, has continued to offer aid to victims of disasters and wars, added classes for CPR, and in 1990 added a Holocaust War Victims Tracing and Information Center. The American Red Cross has continued to be an important organization, offering aid to millions affected by wars and disasters.

History questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History questions - Assignment Example In response to aggressiveness, British soldiers opened fire upon civilians in order to maintain order. This slaughtering of civilians enraged the colonists. Lastly, the Quartering Act was an order in which the colonists were required to take in soldiers and provide for them. This angered the colonists as this served as a drain on already scarce and expensive resources. The English thought that it was necessary due to the fact that it was a reimbursement for having soldiers to protect the colonists from Indians, other countries. Etc. The Boston Massacre is considered by many to be one of the primary starting points to the start of the Revolutionary War. Evidence and speculation from the time leads many questions to be asked as to far who was the sole instigator in the act. Boston was already in turmoil as tensions were rising between the British and the colonists. Often, the colonists would taunt the soldiers. On this particular incident, it was reported that the taunting had reached an elevated level. In order to disperse the crowd, shots were fired into the air. This translated into turmoil in which the soldiers opened fired on the civilians until both parties retreated. Regardless of the facts, it is the colonists who instigated the attacks. The soldiers were just doing their duty and enforcing the laws. If this were to happen today with a riot facing the police, even if the policies were unfair, the blame would fall on the crowd. The purpose of the preamble of the Declaration of Independence was written in response as to the way the crown was treating the colonists. In essence, it was a dictatorship. As a result, the preamble states that the power, which is wielded by the government, is derived directly from the power, which is given by the people. The understanding that â€Å"all men are created equal† meant only white males in the colonies. At this time, women’s rights were unheard of and blacks were regarded as slaves meaning they were in es sence treated as property. The Declaration of Independence was a justification for why the colonies needed to break away from the corrupt form of government in England. The Virginia and New Jersey plans were created in order to help set up the new form of government, which would govern over the new independent colonies. The Virginia plan was based on the power in the government being based on population. Thus larger states would have more representative power in the government. The smaller states felt that this was not fair; therefore they constructed a system based on equality, one vote per state. The Connecticut Compromise set up a bicameral legislature, using the New Jersey Plan as a template. The Senate would have equal representation given by each state and population would base the House of Representatives. Samuel Slater is known as the father of the American Industrial Revolution. His idea of interchangeable parts allowed industry and the creation of machines to be accelerate d due to the fact that these parts could now be easily replaced and changed in mechanical components. One of the main areas in which Slater had an impact was on the textile industry, in particular the Lowell mills. It combined the textile and weaving process all in the same building, which maximized production and efficiency. Calhoun’s theory of nullification stated that in some instances, a state has the right to refuse to recognize a federal law within its

Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Homework - Coursework Example nism perspective diverges from the two perspectives since it does not seek Truth or to make permanent epistemological or ontological commitments like those that produce modernist forms of scientific endeavor of meaning and human meaning making activity. German sociologist Max Weber will resonate very well with me. In his modern organizational theory, idealized organizational structure, duties and responsibilities for workers are clearly stipulated and behavior is highly controlled by policies, rules, and procedures. This contributions are worthy while as most of organizations today are governed by rules that control the behavior of the staff Systems-technical theory is the interdisciplinary study of organizational systems in general. The main goal of system theory is to elucidate principles that can be applied to different types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research. Institutionalization refers to the process of implanting some conception within organizations, social system, and society I general. The concept may also refer to committing a particular group or individual to an institution, such as a welfare or mental institution. The term is also be used in political context to apply to the organization or creation of governmental institutions and particular bodies with duties of implementing or overseeing policy. Deconstruction is a form of literary analysis and philosophical derived primarily deduced from Jacques Derrida’s work done in 1967. In the 1980s it designated more loosely a wide range of theoretical enterprises in distinct areas of the social and humanities sciences. In addition to literature and philosophy, other field of interest in deconstruction includes historiography, anthropology, feminism, linguistics, sociolinguistics, political theory, psychoanalysis, and lesbian and gay studies. Bank of America maintains environmental guidelines and policies related to forests, climate change, energy, environmental lending and

Platos Reflection on Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Platos Reflection on Metaphysics Essay A combination of the Greek word, meta, which translates to â€Å"after,† â€Å"beyond,† â€Å"along with,† â€Å"among,† and â€Å"behind,† and the Latin term, physica, that simply means the science of matter and physical properties. Philosophers refer to this term to theorize about the different elements of the world in which we live and the world that truly exists. One of the most prominent philosophers is Plato, who set the foundation for many modern philosophers on their perspective of reality through reason. Plato believed in two separate realities; the physical and the immaterial. He claimed that a dividing line existed between the two worlds, and the immaterial or intelligible is of more importance in the discovery of truth than the physical properties of our world. Comprised of intangible properties but that can be seen through logic, the immaterial world is grasping the reason behind the idea of an object and separating those elements from the subject. Plato explicates the physical world as anything or objects that is identified by one of our five senses. Within the physical world are two subsets, image and tangible object. Image refers to the shadow or reflection of the image. In addition, the physical object is self explanatory; the object distinguished by touch, taste, smell, or sight. Although primarily disconnected, the two worlds cannot exist without each other and the knowledge that pertains to both. For example, Plato utilizes a ball as the subject to form an analogy of the collaboration between the two realities. From childhood, we are taught that a ball is a ball based on others perception and knowledge of it; not our original thought. The ball exists in the world of appearances, physical. However, its intangible properties such as, roundness, exist on a parallel plane. Plato describes that plane as the world of Forms. In an effort to further enlighten us, Plato sets guidelines for the properties to forms. First, forms are objective; ideas exist through reason and not experiential. Objects that we perceive are reliant upon our experiences and verbal confirmation of the object and not the actual perspective of the object. Therefore, one can surmise that our senses are isleading, and the reality in which we live is different from others and the true reality. Next, forms are transcendent. The property remains true in spite of time and space. Third, forms are eternal. As aforementioned, Plato believes forms are unchanging; true concept behind an object is unchanging, redness. The form is separate from our subjective image. True comprehension lies in individually analyzing each separate form that comprises the object an d identifies it as what we perceive it as. Forth, forms are models; truest essence of an idea to which an object copies the form and combines it with other elements to create a copied version of a sample of the form. Fifth, forms are intellectual species; can only be determined through reason separating the being from the object. Lastly, forms are perfection. In its purest state, a form is a singular entity. A material object collects bits of forms and its perfection making the object itself impure. A material object cannot be perfect in its existence because it is but an imitation of several forms that only alone are perfect. Plato’s concept of reality or the simultaneous existence of the two realities are at best intriguing and worthy of exploring. However, as he himself stated, we can never come in direct contact with the immaterial world. Therefore, how can true knowledge be acquired or ascertained? Once again, it is not until we are no longer part of this world that we may finally discover the truth behind this vast universe and the world or worlds in which we reside.

Death Penalty - Justified Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Death Penalty - Justified There are many problems facing our criminal justice system today. Some of the more important ones are overcrowded jails, the increasing murder rate, and keeping tax payers content. In light of these problems, I think the death penalty is our best and most reasonable solution because it is a highly effective deterrent to murder. And, tax payers would be pleased to know that their hard-earned tax dollars are not being wasted on supporting incorrigible criminals who are menaces to society. In addition, they would not be forced to fund the development of new penitentiaries in order to make room for the growing number of inmates in our already overcrowded jails. Moreover, the death penalty would serve to curb the growth of future crimes and consequently the number of inmates would also be reduced. Thus, overcrowding in federal and state penitentiaries would be eliminated. In this essay, I will discuss these ideas and prove why capital punishment is the best viable solutio n to the problems plaguing our criminal justice system. Capital punishment could solve our problem with the increasing murder rate because it serves a highly effective deterrent. â€Å"The death penalty deters murder by putting the fear of death into would be killers. A person is less likely to do something, if he or she thinks that harm will come to him† (Studyworld 1). This fear of death is the key to reducing the murder rate. Frank G. Carrington informs us that Louis Joseph Turck..., an ex-convict with a felony record dating from 1941, was arrested May 20, 1961 for robbery. He had used guns in prior robberies in other states but only pretended to be carrying a gun in the robbery here [Cal... ...ng tax payers, and the other problems facing out criminal justice system. As we have seen, it can serve as a deterrent and reduce the murder rate. In addition, the death penalty would fee up space in overcrowded state and federal prisons. Moreover, it satisfies tax payers because it requires less tax money and can eliminate the need for additional prisons. Hence, capital punishment should be instituted everywhere. Works Consulted â€Å"Benefits of Capital Punishment.† Studyworld. 20 Nov. 2002 . Carrington, Frank G. Neither Cruel nor Unusual. New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1978. Jacobs, Nancy R, Alison Landers, and Mark A. Siegel, eds. Capital Punishment - Cruel and Unusual?. 1979-1996. 7th ed. Texas: Information Plus, 1996.

Hybrid car

Facts about Hybrid Cars: Some important facts about hybrid cars:- Hybrid vehicles are a practical solution to the rising greenhouse gas levels and may still be some time till these cars are introduced into the market. Auto Makers like Honda and Toyota have taken initiatives to improve on the existing Hybrid technology by inventing cleaner engines that also give more mileage. A Hybrid vehicle is one which uses an electric motor to provide additional power along with the conventional internal combustion engine. They have a special mechanism that is capable of recharging the batteries without being plugged in.They can also be charged by the gas-engine if need be. As a result, the gas engines can be a little smaller as there is an additional power supply for its aid. The advantage is that the gasoline engine can then be quite small, since power is obtained from not one but two sources. When the car comes to a sustained stop, the gas engine shuts down saving fuel. When the car is ready to accelerate, the electric motor kicks in till the time the gasoline engine can resume on its Job. Hybrid Subs may be the alternative to those gas-guzzling, pocket- ripping Subs which could manage very little mileage.EPA mileage estimates about 33 MPEG as city/highway average. The Toyota Pries is estimated to give an average of 55 MPEG. Apparently, it has a better mileage in city conditions rather than the highway. That's because the battery pack comes into use more frequently in city conditions than on the highway. Advantages of Hybrid car: Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas- powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. Thanks to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal gas-powered vehicles, if not better. Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car ND they have a tax benefits(only till 2006). There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle owners (varies by state). Hyb rids are much cleaner cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrids provide a better mileage. The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. Disadvantages of Hybrid Cars: Hybrid cars, though useful, have some disadvantages.The point to be noted here is that the advantages far exceed the disadvantages. High cost: hybrids cost anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000 more their non-Hybrid versions. More weight due to battery packs. Some states charge additional fees for registration. In the event of an unfortunate accident, there is a risk of exposure to high voltage wires. They have a complicated system which needs to be taken care of by experienced mechanics only. Spare parts maybe hard to find and may be costly. Usually, hybrids have a lower acceleration than that their normal counterparts.T he hybrid car can be considered to be the car of the millennium. This is a very environment friendly car that hardly produces any combustion at all. This is a car that basically runs on two sources of energy; one being a fuel, and another a battery. With the presence of two sources of energy to the hybrid car, there is obviously a lower requirement of fuel in the car. This is because most of the driving is managed with the energy the battery provides. The battery provides sufficient energy for the driver to use the car for its normal uses of transportation.

An Analysis on the Interaction of the Different aspects on Human Development

Abstract The growing up process or the human developmental process has been an interesting topic of research in the field of Psychology. Great psychologists and sociologists have already provided up of the different theories and hypotheses about growing up. However, the application of these theories may not that easy for us to understand. Therefore this paper shall describe, compare, and contrast the developmental theories according to the psychodynamic, cognitive, learning, and humanistic perspectives.An Analysis on the Interaction of the Different aspects on Human Development  on the Overall Development of a Child Development or the growing-up process is the most crucial part of a person’s life. It is the time when changes in the cognitive, emotional, and biological aspects occur. Hence, this is the stage when a person needs utmost attention and guidance. This area has been a topic of interest for researchers for several years which led to the birth of Developmental Psycho logy as a separate field of study. Developmental psychology aims to grasp and provide a better understanding of the idea and significance of growing up in reaching a person’s full potential.To explain the process of human development, various theories were proposed by several psychologists. Hence, this paper aims to describe, compare, and contrast the developmental theories according to the psychodynamic, cognitive, learning, and humanistic perspectives. Psychodynamic Perspective Freud’s Psychosexual Theory There are various theories in studying the development in human life cycle. The first one is the Psychodynamic perspective. In this theory, the names Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson hover among the others.Freud’s theory attempts to explain human development through what he calls the psychosexual stages. According to his theory, sexuality starts at a very early stage in a person’s life. Each stage is identified according to the specific pleasure source a child has on that stage. In case that a pleasure urge is not gratified, it may eventually lead to various fixations later in a person’s life (Institute of Human Thermodynamics [IoHT], 2005). Freud enumerates the different psychosexual stages as follows: Table 1 – The Psychosexual Stages Stage Pleasure source Conflict/Fixation Oral  (birth-18months)Mouth Oral Fixation- excessive eating, drinking, smoking, and biting of nails Anal (2-4 years) Anus Anal fixation o Anal retentiveness- too much orderliness/ cleanliness o Anal repulsiveness- messy Phallic (4-5 years) Genitals Oedipus (boys) or Electra (girls) complex, Castration Anxiety, Penis Envy Latency (6-puberty) Repressed sexual urges Genital (puberty onward) Physical sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. Social rules Freud also emphasized the effects of the Id, Ego, and Superego in the developmental process of a child. The id is the pleasure seeking part of individuals.This is the source of biological needs and drives. On the other hand, the superego is oftentimes in conflict with the id because it consists of the moral part of individuals, and it is more popularly described as the voice of the conscience. Finally, the ego operates under reality, and it is further described by Freud as the conscious mind which contains one’s thoughts, judgments, and memories (IoHT, 2005). In summary, the three main concepts of Freud’s psychosexual theory are: (1) pleasure and fixation; (2) sexuality at an early age; and (3) id, ego, and superego.Pleasure and fixation deals about the pleasure sources of an individual per stage and the fixation that may come if that certain pleasure will not be gratified. Sexuality at an early age on the other hand talks about the sexual pleasures an individual experiences during the early periods of life, which Freud explain to be the major source of all our frustrations as we grow old. Lastly he also talks the id, ago and superego which, for Freud, are the ce ntral controllers of our behavior. Freud’s psychosexual theory is similar to other developmental theories in several ways. First, it summarizes the developmental process into stages.Second, like other theories, this theory also talks about a child’s needs and the importance of gratification. Finally, it associates consciousness as a factor in each stage. However, the psychosexual theory appears to be different from other psychosexual theory in various ways. One of its unique features is that it deals with sexuality in the early years of a child’s development. Another distinct characteristic of this theory is that it does not involve other emotional and external factors. Lastly, it does not include other areas of growth aside from the sexual development.Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Erikson’s theory deals with personality development. In this theory, Erikson summarized the Psychosocial Development of a person into eight different stages. The 1) trus t vs. mistrust, 2) autonomy vs. shame, 3) initiative vs. guilt, 4) industry vs. inferiority, 5) identity vs. role confusion, 6) intimacy vs. isolation, 7) generativity vs. stagnation and 8) integrity vs. despair. In each stage, a person deals with a crisis based on physiological development and the demands from the parents, guardians, or the society (Clifton & Davis, 1995).In summary, the three main concepts of Erikson’s personality development theory are: (1) a person’s search for an identity, which answers the question of why an individual goes through the different psychosocial development stages; (2) psychosocial crisis, which talks about the social and personal difficulties and problems that a person experiences whenever he or she was not able to overcome a psychosocial stage successfully; and (3) the ego psychology in agreement with Freud’s ego concept, which explains that the ego primarily controls the way a person acts and socializes.Erikson’s psy chosocial theory appears to be similar to other developmental theories in numerous ways. First, like other theories, it summarizes the developmental process into stages. Second, it talks about a child’s needs and the importance of gratification as well. Last, the psychosocial theory associates the effects of the social environment with a child’s development. However, some features of the psychosocial theory make it distinct from the other developmental theories. One of these features is that it believes that the ego is of utmost importance.Another characteristic of this theory that sets it apart from the others is that it believes that both social and sexual factors play an important role in personality development. Finally, it also deals with mental health. Cognitive Developmental Theory The most renowned proponent of the Cognitive Development Theory is Jean Piaget. In this theory, he points out that cognitive development is a process where a child’s knowledge and awareness of his/her surroundings is a function of experience and time.Piaget claims that children have this so-called â€Å"reflexes† at birth which control their behavior (Huitt & Hummer, 2003). These reflexes are then replaced with constructed schemes. He described the processes as Assimilation and Accommodation. Assimilation pertains to the process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in a pre-existing cognitive structure (Huitt & Hummer, 2003).On the other hand, accommodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. Piaget further simplified his theory by enumerating what he called the stages of cognitive development: 1) Sensorimotor stage (infancy); 2) Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood); 3) Concrete Operational stage (elementary and early adolescence); and 4) formal operational stage (adolescence and adulthood) (Preisser, 1997).In summary, the three main concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental theory are: (1) reflexes and schemas are the main factors of a person’s behavior; (2) assimilation and accommodation, where assimilation is the process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures, while accomodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment (Huitt & Hummer, 2003); and (3) constructivist learning, which explains that the learning is mostly dependent on the learner and the teacher.It is the learner who interacts with his or her environment and thus gains an understanding of its features and characteristics (Thanasoulas, 2003). Some traits of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory are similar to other developmental theories include the following: (1) it summarizes the developmental process into stages; (2) it talks about a child’s needs and the importance of gratification; and (3) it emphasizes the role of the parents/guardians in a child’s development. However, certain characteristics of this theory make it unique and different from other developmental theories.These characteristics are as follows: (1) it focuses on mental development only; (2) it looks at the cognitive development not just as a series of several stages but also as a process as a whole; and (3) it does not look at the other factors, such as the social and emotional aspect of a child’s development. Learning Perspective: Social Learning Theory Among other theorists, Albert Bandura is considered as the leading proponent of this theory. According to J. E. Ormrod (1999), Social Learning Theory keeps its focus on the learning that occurs within a social context.This is means that people tend to learn through observation and modeling. This theory also proposes that learning is still possible to occur even without a change in behavior. This is because according to social psychologists, a person can learn through observation alone, and this may not manifest in one’s actions. The theory also states that learning becomes possible through cognition; that is, prediction of future rewards or punishments has a great effect on how a person behaves (Ormrod, 1999).In summary, the three main concepts of Bandura’s Social Learning theory are: (1) learning through observation and modeling, where people learn easily through observation and imitating another individual’s behavior; (2) cognition as a major factor of learning, which refers to an individual’s knowledge absorption, analysis, and processing; and (3) self-efficacy, which refers to how people feel, think, motivate themselves, and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse effects through four major processes (Bandura, 1994).Bandura’s Social Learning appears to be similar to other theories as it: (1) focuses on mental and learning process; (2) emphasize the role of parents/guardians in a childâ€⠄¢s development; and (3) mentions about the significance of reinforcements in learning. However, this theory also differs from other theory because it: (1) emphasizes on modeling as a form of learning; (2) deals with self-efficacy; and (3) centers on the stages of the learning process rather than on the development process as a whole.Humanistic Perspective: Self Actualization and Hierarchy of Needs This theory is proposed by Carl Rogers. He explained through this theory that just like animals, plants, and other organisms, human beings have that natural urge to thrive and survive (Boeree, 2007). This theory also emphasizes the importance of positive regard and positive self-regard in the process of growing up which, he says, may eventually lead a person to accomplish his or her full potential and worth—the full functionality of a person.In summary, the three main concepts of Rogers’ Personality theory are: (1) self actualization which is concerned with the awareness or realization of one’s identity which helps to draw his/her utmost capabilities and potentials; (2) positive self-regard, which, just like self esteem and self confidence, helps build up an individual’s trust in his/herself that s/he can do anything that s/he endeavors; and (3) fully functioning person—a person who achieved self actualization and consistently has positive self-regard. Rogers’ Personality theory has characteristics that are similar to other developmental theories.These similarities include the following: (1) it sees people only as good, healthy, well, or ill; (2) it perceives mental health as a normal progression in life; and (3) it is person-centered (Boeree, 2007; Pescitelli, 1996). However, this theory has features that make it different from other developmental theories. These features include: (1) it is relatively simple; (2) it looks at cognitive development, not as a series of several stages but also as a process as a whole; and (3) i t does not take into consideration other factors such as the social and emotional aspect of a child’s development.Importance of Understanding the Developmental Theories in Helping Children Reach Their Potential All new born children need and deserve the attention, love, and support from their parents. However, the support and the care do not actually stop at that period of life; rather, it has only just begun. The most important period when a child needs proper care and guidance is during his/her early years. It is during this time when various factors, both internal (e. g. , thought processes) and external (e. g. , family), shape the personality of the child and what s/he can become (Day, 2008).It is also during this stage that children find their identity—who they want to be in the society and how they want to be treated as a person. In this development process, the cognitive, physical, and emotional aspects of a child are interrelated in a way that each one affects the child’s overall development in various ways. The cognitive aspect of a child’s development is directly connected to the other two since it is the mental processes which govern the rest of an individual’s activities and behavior.The physical aspect on the other hand is important to be developed properly since the physical capacities and limitations of an individual depend to that. Lastly, the emotional aspect also poses significance in a child’s development since this will determine how strong and how weak shall this person be in dealing with personal and social emotional issues in the future. Thus, the parents cannot just focus on one aspect of development; rather, these three aspects must be taken into consideration and must be given proper attention.In addition to this, a growing child is more vulnerable and more fragile compared to adults. For this reason, children must receive proper guidance in order for them to become good and useful members of the society. Through the theories discussed in this paper, it can be concluded that a child’s development is never as simple as gaining height and weight. It is not as plain as learning to write and read better through the days spent in school.In the process, the parents and the child’s environment actually mold him/her into a person who can reach his/her greatest potentials. If parents neglect or fail in this obligation, issues and problems may arise regarding a child’s attitude, behavior, and capabilities later on when s/he grows as an adult. Hence, just like a butterfly’s metamorphosis, parents want their children to grow with the most beautiful and strongest wings possible; that is, through understanding these developmental theories. References Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed.], Encyclopedia of Mental Health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998) Boeree, C.G. (2007). Carl Rogers 1902-1987. Personality Theories. Retrieved October 16, 2008 from http://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_rogers.pdf Clifton, A. and Davis, D., Psychosocial Theory: Erikson, Haverford College. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html Day, A. (2008). Why understanding your child’s personality is so important. Helium. Retrieved October 16, 2008 from http://www.helium.com/items/942762-why-understanding-your-childs-personality-is-so-important Institute of Human Thermodynamics. (2005, December 26). Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory and Thermodynamics [1873-1923]. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://www.humanthermodynamics.com/Freud.html Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human Learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Pescitelli, D. (1996). An Analysis of Carl Rogers’ Theory of Personality.Telford Hypnotherapy. Retrieved October 16, 2008 from http://www.telfordhypnotherapy.co.uk/An%20Analysis%20of%20Carl%20Rogers.doc Preisser, G. (1997). Theories and research. Developmental Psychology Student Net Letter, Mesa Community College. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d46/psy/dev/Fall98/Theories/theories.html Thanasoulas, D. (2003). Constructivist Learning. Center for Southeast Asian Studies Northern Illinois University. Retrieved October 18, 2008 from http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Teachers_Page/Language_Learning_Articles/constructivist_learning.htm Syque. (2008). Freud’s psychosexual stage theory. Changing Minds. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http://changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm   

More Than, As Often As...These Are Comparative Adverbs

More Than, As Often As...These Are Comparative Adverbs Comparative adverbs express relative superiority or inferiority. Superiority, the idea that something is more or (greater) than something else, is expressed with plus in French. Inferiority, meaning that something is less than something else, is stated with moins. You can also express equality with comparatives, to state that something is as (great) as something else; in French, there are two possible equivalents to this: aussi and autant. French Comparatives 1. In French comparatives, you use stressed pronouns after que, rather than subject pronouns. For example, Il est plus grand que moi Hes taller than me.2. Comparative adverbs are most commonly used with adjectives, but you can also use them with adverbs, verbs, and nouns. These comparisons have slightly different constructions for each part of speech. Click in the summary table below for detailed lessons. Construction of  French Comparative Adverbs Comparisons with... Required word order Adjectives plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + adjective plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + temporal adverb Adverbs plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + adverb plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + temporal adverb Nouns plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + de + noun plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + temporal adverb Verbs verb + plus/moins/autant que + noun/pronoun verb + plus/moins/autant que + pronoun (+ ne) + verb verb + plus/moins/autant que + temporal adverb    When comparing with adjectives, use plus (adjective) que for superiority, moins (adjective) que for inferiority, and aussi (adjective) que for equality.Adjective: vert (green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus vert (greener)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins vert (less green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi vert (as green)Like all adjectives, the adjectives used in comparatives have to agree with the nouns that they modify, and therefore have different forms for masculine, feminine, singular, and plural. The comparative itself, however, is invariable:Masculine singular  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus vert (greener)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins vert (less green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi vert (as green)Feminine singular  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus verte (greener)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins verte (less green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi verte (as green)Masculine plural  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus verts (greener)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins verts (less green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi verts (as green)Feminine plural  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus vertes (greener)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins vertes (less green)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi vertes (as green)Note: The above i s true for all adjectives except bon and mauvais, which have special comparative forms for superiority. Types of Comparisons with Adjectives 1. Compare two nouns with one adjective.  Ã‚  Ã‚  David est plus fier que Jeanne.  Ã‚  Ã‚  David is prouder than Jeanne.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne est moins fià ¨re que David.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne is less proud than David.2. Compare one noun with two adjectives.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean est aussi riche que travailleur.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean is as rich as (he is) hard-working.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne est plus sympa quintelligente.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne is nicer than (she is) smart.3. Compare an adjective over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean est moins stricte quavant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean is less strict than before.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne est aussi belle que toujours.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne is as beautiful as ever. Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.  Ã‚   Jean est plus grand.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean is taller.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne est moins fià ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne is less proud. When comparing with adverbs, use plus (adverb) que for superiority, moins (adverb) que for inferiority, and aussi (adverb) que for equality.Adverb: prudemment (carefully)  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus prudemment (more carefully)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins prudemment (less carefully)  Ã‚  Ã‚  aussi prudemment (as carefully)Note: The adverb bien has a special comparative form when expressing superiority. Types of Comparisons with Adverbs 1. Compare two nouns with one adverb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean lit plus lentement que Luc.     Jean reads more slowly than Luc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne à ©crit moins souvent que Luc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne writes less often than Luc.2. Compare one noun with two adverbs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean travaille aussi vite que gentiment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean works as quickly as (he does) helpfully.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne à ©crit plus soigneusement quefficacement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne writes more carefully than (she does) efficiently.3. Compare an adverb over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean mange plus poliment quavant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean eats more politely than before.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne parle aussi fort que toujours.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne speaks as loudly as ever.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean lit plus lentement.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean reads more slowly.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne à ©crit moins souvent.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne writes less often. When comparing with nouns, use plus de (noun) que for superiority, moins de (noun) que for inferiority, and autant de (noun) que for equality.Noun: livre (book)  Ã‚  Ã‚  plus de livres (more books)  Ã‚  Ã‚  moins de livres (fewer books)  Ã‚  Ã‚  autant de livres (as many books) Types of Comparisons with Nouns 1. Compare the amount of a noun between two subjects.      Jean veut autant damis que Luc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean wants as many friends as Luc (has).  Ã‚  Ã‚  La France a plus de vin que lAllemagne.  Ã‚  Ã‚  France has more wine than Germany.2. Compare two nouns (note that the second noun must also be preceded by de).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean a plus dintelligence que de bon sens.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean has more brains than sense.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne a autant damis que dennemis.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne has as many friends as enemies.3. Compare a noun over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean connaà ®t moins de gens quavant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean knows fewer people than (he did) before.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne a autant didà ©es que toujours.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne has as many ideas as ever.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean veut autant damis.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean wants as many friends.  Ã‚  Ã‚  La France a plus de vin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  France has more wine. When comparing verbs, use (verb) plus que for superiority, (verb) moins que for inferiority, and (verb) autant que for equality.Verb: voyager (to travel)  Ã‚  Ã‚  voyager plus (to travel more)  Ã‚  Ã‚  voyager moins (to travel less)  Ã‚  Ã‚  voyager autant (to travel as much) Types of Comparisons with Verbs 1. Compare a verb between two subjects.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean travaille plus que Luc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean works more than Luc (does).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne a à ©tudià © autant que Luc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne studied as much as Luc (did).2. Compare two verbs.*  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean rit autant quil pleure.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean laughs as much as he cries.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne travaille plus quelle ne joue.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne works more than she plays.*When comparing two verbs, you need:  Ã‚  a) a pronoun referring back to the subject in front of the second verb  Ã‚  b) after plus and moins, the ne explà ©tif before the second verb3. Compare a verb over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean lit moins quavant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean reads less than (he did) before.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne à ©tudie autant que toujours.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne studies as much as always.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean travaille plus.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean works more.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne a à ©tudià © autan t.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeanne a à ©tudià © autant. Additional Resources French comparatives and superlativesIntroduction to comparativesComparatives with adjectivesComparatives with adverbsComparatives with nounsComparatives with verb