Epidemiology of Lyme Disease with Examples

Question: Examine about the Descriptive Epidemiology of Lyme Disease? Answer: Issue Lyme disorder, which is additionally named as Lyme Borreliosis, Lyme is a powerful ailment brought about by microorganisms of Borrelia type. The most generally perceived sign of sullying is a developing locale of redness, recognized by the name of an Erythema headache that begins at the spot of a tick snack around multi week after it has occurred (Bartol). The rash is usually neither disturbed nor agonizing. Around twenty-five to fifty percent of polluted people doesnt develop a rash. Other early signs may incorporate fever, feeling tired and cerebral pain. Specialists The causative specialists of the Lyme sickness are a bacterium, Borrelia Burgdorferi, and Borrelia Burgdorferi is spirochete which is generally 20mm to 30mm long and 2 mm to 3mm in the width. Its technique for motility is by methods for a crucial fiber, by which it moves in a corkscrew structure. The bacterium is miserably re-hued by Safranin just in light of the fact that it is the last stain used as a piece of the technique; therefore, Borrelia Burgdorferi is never named gram-negative and gram-positive (DIAGNOSIS OF LYME DISEASE). Condition Fever, muscle pulsates, and exhaustion of Lyme ailment can be mistaken for viral defilements, for instance, influenza or overpowering mononucleosis (Distinguishing Lyme From Septic Knee Monoarthritis In Lyme Disease-Endemic Areas). Joint torment or torment can be stirred up with various sorts of joint torment, for instance, immature rheumatoid joint agony, just as neurologic images can copy those brought about by various conditions, for instance, various sclerosis. Various pollutions, joint agony, and neurologic ailments can in like manner be misdiagnosed as Lyme affliction. Hotspots for information on bleakness and mortality The diagrams of Notifiable Lyme illnesses have the official bits of knowledge, in plain and sensible structure, for the announced occasion of extensively Notifiable powerful ailments for consistently. These bits of knowledge are accumulated and requested from reports sent by state and local prosperity workplaces to the NNDSS, which is working with CDC in a joint exertion with CSTE. Lyme infection has been a comprehensively Notifiable condition inside the United States ensuing to 1991 (Improve Your Knowledge Of Lyme Disease). Reports of the Lyme disease are assembled and affirmed by the state just as close by prosperity workplaces according to their legal order and perception rehearses. After the departure of individual identifiers picked information on cases is conferred to CDC during across the nation Notifiable sickness perception structure. Data on dissemination of the Lyme sickness Host qualities Inside North America, the primary bacterium included is Borrelia Burgdorferi and Sensu SStricto, while inside Europe or Asia, the microorganisms Borrelia Afzelii just as Borrelia Garinii are in like manner purposes behind the infection. The malady doesn't appear, to be transmissible between people, by various animals, and through food. Each age or sex of people may be experiencing this illness and testing of individual ticks isn't conventionally useful. We assume that bury yearly variations in entomological peril of introducing to Lyme affliction are related determinedly with a previous abundance of key hosts for the adolescent periods of tick vector and with essential sustenance resources for those hosts (Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help). Ecological traits Lyme illness is dispersed over a broad geographic range in northern quiet regions on the planet. In the US, most infections occur in the going with zones: Upper east, from Maine to Virginia. North-central states, generally in Wisconsin just as Minnesota. West Coast, particularly northern California for the Lyme ailment to exist in a range. Transient variety The Atmosphere, deer, and oak seeds each has been arranged as basic determinants of common assortment at risk for human nearness to Lyme ailment, as determined by riches just as Borrelia-malady inescapability inside Nymphal-Ixodes ticks. From intermittent assortments are fundamental for tick improvement and their activities, which are unequivocally affected by temperatures, the makers expect that the progression paces of the ticks and furthermore their activity rates are time-subordinate (O'Connel). Extra trademark which adds to epidemiologic depiction Lyme disorder is realized by minuscule life forms called Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to individuals through the snack of polluted dark legged ticks. Normal signs fuse fever, cerebral torment, shortcoming, and a trademark skin rash named as erythema migrans. If, left untreated, the sickness can spread to joints, the heart, and the tangible framework. Lyme sickness is broke down considering symptoms, physical disclosures, and the probability of introducing to spoiled ticks; research office testing is valuable whenever used precisely and performed with endorsed methodologies (Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help). Present speculations which have been arranged In the year 2005 there was a total of 23,305 occasions of Lyme disease announced in the US. 5,000 500 sixty-five of the complete cases were represented in the New York. Texas detailed all out sixty-nine cases. Delaware had the most surprising recurrence pace of the significant number of states with all out 76.6 for each 100,000. Wellsprings of the data During 2000 to 2013, the entireties of 5,473 Lyme disorder cases were represented among Hispanics through national perception. Hispanics were more likely than non-Hispanics to have signs of spread sickness and beginning in the midst of fall months. PMID: 26889721 (Source: Emerging transmittable sickness) United State authorities said they have discovered another bacterial request that causes the Lyme disease in individuals (Bartol). References Finding OF LYME DISEASE. The Lancet 334.8656 (1989): 198-199. Web. Recognizing Lyme From Septic Knee Monoarthritis In Lyme Disease-Endemic Areas. PEDIATRICS 131.3 (2013): X15-X15. Web. Improve Your Knowledge Of Lyme Disease. The Pharmaceutical Journal (2015): n. pag. Web. Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help. The Pharmaceutical Journal (2014): n. pag. Web. Bartol, J. Is Lyme Disease Overdiagnosed In Horses?. Equine Vet J 45.5 (2013): 529-530. Web. O'Connel, S. Pulled back: Lyme Disease. Diary of Infection (2006): n. pag. Web.

Demographic Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segment Assignment - Essay Example Other than every single conventional gathering, I like to wear T-shirts and free jeans to give the impression of recklessness. Having limited spending plans, I will in general travel by transport and train as opposed to aircraft. Part II. Select and watch 2 hours of TV (doesn't need to be nonstop), including the ads. In light of what you’ve seen, give a watcher profile to each show and talk about your discoveries. During the two hours, numerous projects are appeared on Television. They incorporate unscripted TV dramas, news projects, plugs and amusement appears. The crowd of each kind of program is unique. Representatives are for the most part intrigued by current undertakings; house spouses are keen on ads, while individuals of all age and calling are pulled in by diversion appears. It is on the grounds that, it gives them a chance to change their state of mind and unwind from the bustling feverish day by day schedule. News features are alluring to all, while the detail is regularly skipped. Comprehension of socioeconomics will help firms to more readily structure their items and promoting exercises to fit client inclinations. They will plan ads to draw in the particular objective gathering and timetable their ads keeping in see their

Airplane boy strikes again

Airplane boy strikes again A guest entry by Adam The blogging machine that is Mollie is running low on material right now. [Editors note: Um, by which he means that I have a test tomorrow?] So I, the gallant boyfriend, am stepping in to write the much anticipated UROP explanation thing. In my three years at MIT, Ive worked as a UROP on two research projects. Freshman and sophomore year I worked in the Aerospace Controls Labratory (ACL) and currently Im working at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. As many of you might have supposed, based on my infatuation with remote controlled (r/c) airplanes, both of my UROPs center around the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Some background Ive grown up around aviation. Theres a picture of me taken on the day my parents brought me home from the hospital, and in that picture right next to the bed is a model rocket. My first rattle was airplane-shaped, and for every birthday/Christmas/Groundhog Day that I can recall, Ive received something that flies. I learned to fly r/c planes when I was 7, and I attended and competed in various r/c events through junior high and high school. By the time I got to MIT, it was pretty clear what course number was going to be on my registration forms. That being said, while I didnt lack passion when I arrived on campus freshman year, I did lack organization and planning skills. [Editors note: Past tense?] So while others were attending orientation programs on how to find a UROP, I was watching Cartoon Network and trying to score free food from various student groups. Luckily fate stepped in; during one of the first days of 18.01A I met Carl 07, a fellow airplane lover from Wisconsin. When it comes to administrative stuff Carls pretty much the anti-me, so he already had like four potential course 16 UROPs lined up. Intrigued by the potential to get paid to play with airplanes, I asked Carl how he got set up, and he directed me to the departments UROP office. A couple of emails later I had a UROP, working as a technician on a fleet of UAVs. The ACL project The project that I was assigned to was working on cooperative control between multiple UAVs. Basically the idea was to have several small UAVs work together to perform a task rather than relying on one larger vehicle to do it on its own. The focus of the project was on the software required to get the aircraft working together, and so much of the testing was done in the lab using simulated aircraft. Once the software was working we would actually flight test it using several UAVs. The UAVs were comercially available r/c planes that had been modified to incorporate the autopilots that would run the cooperative control software. This is where I came in. It was my job to make the necessary airframe modifications to accept the autopilots and associated hardware. Also when we went out to flight test, I served as the test pilot and took over control of the UAVs whenever something went wrong with the software (whitch it often did). The project was a lot of fun, particularly the flight testi ng, and it introduced me to a lot of the software that Im now using in my upper level aero/astro courses. I worked with this particular research group for two years, and while when I started I was pretty much just a mechanic, by the time I left I was making some real engineering descisions that affected the path of our research. The Draper project Note: I cant tell you many specifics about my Draper job because most of the information is proprietary, but heres an overview. Last summer I got a highly desirable internship at Draper Labs, an MIT-affiliated research institute, mostly due to recommendations from my advisor at the ACL. This research group was developing an autonomous air drop vehicle to deliver precision surveillance equipment to high-risk areas. Basically they wanted to throw a small helicopter out of a cargo plane flying at 30,000 ft that would then fly itself down to a target on the ground and drop off a little camera to check up on the bad guys (this checking up on the bad guys thing is a big theme in UAV research these days). Unlike my UROP at the ACL, I was working in a much smaller group (me, my advisor, and a grad student) and I was expected to contribute more and work with a fair amount of autonomy. This was very cool because I basically got to design and fabricate the drop vehicle on my own, but it was not so cool because when things went wrong there was no one else around to blame. I spent the majority of the summer designing, bui lding, testing, crashing and then redesigning. By the end of August I had created a working demonstration vehicle that met our sponsors specifications, and the coolest part was that I had designed every part of it myself. Based on my work from the summer, my advisor asked me to stay on the project through the school year. Currently were working on our second-generation vehicle and applying for more grant money, which I hope that we receive so Ill have a job for the summer. I wish I could show some of our flight test videos, but Id rather not go to prison. Questions by Mollie 1. Im glad everybody was reassured by hearing about the sources of help that are available to MIT students. I remember exactly how it felt to be a prefrosh I was all oh god, everybody at MIT is going to be smarter than me and Im going to fail and I AM SO SCARED. Pretty much everybody feels that way. (And actually, the people who dont feel that way are probably in for a somewhat rude awakening come next October if you come in prepared to be the most amazing #1 person at MIT, it can be kind of a shock when you realize youre not. So I think its better to be a little nervous, although I do promise youll all be fine!) 2. Kristin asked Do MIT students take placement tests at the beginning of freshman year? And what was the biggest academic challenge youve encountered at MIT? You will have to take a very short math diagnostic test over the summer, but it doesnt impact much if you do poorly, youll just be advised to take 8.01L, which is a more drawn-out version of physics. You finish the class over IAP rather than at finals time. Youre really pretty free to pick your own classes, although youll have quite a bit of help from formal events like the core blitz (where professors for each freshman class get up and give a short overview of the class and who ought to take it) and your freshman advisor, as well as informal sources like upperclassmen. If I had a dollar for every time Ive explained every nuance of every freshman class to a bunch of puzzled freshmen well, I think it would be enough for me and Adam to have a nice night out on the town. I suppose my most significant academic challenge was just first term freshman year I had never taken a physics class before, and I just didnt understand how to do physics problems. Plus, I was still dating my high school sweetheart, and spent several hours each night on the phone (not good for the study habits, mmkay?). I didnt know how to study, and I didnt get enough sleep, and I hadnt figured out yet that theres a correlation between, um, going to class and getting good grades. And I ended up getting 3 Cs (thank you benevolent deity for pass-no record!). I guess I sort of tell that story in a very flip way now, but at the time it was incredibly frustrating for me not to understand, and to keep doing very poorly on tests when I thought I had done my best. I failed three physics tests, two chemistry tests, and a calculus test that term. Thats a lot of failure for someone whos never failed before. But! I scraped together passing grades in all my classes (no thanks to my lack of stud ying for finals I went into the calc final without having even cracked a book), and everythings gotten easier since then. Strictly speaking, I dont think anythings gotten easier, I think Ive just gotten a hell of a lot better at doing it. 3. Lizzy asked, Have you ever used help in real life? Well, the time that Adam got sick during finals, I needed some help too. He had the flu, and I was trying to keep him hydrated and eating (Honey, are you sure you dont want another cracker? How about some applesauce?) and study for my own finals. Plus, I was trying to make sure he wasnt going to have to take his Unified finals, because he would have failed them. And when I get stressed out, I cry my eyes out, which is not really conducive to negotiating exam postponements. So I went to Bryan, our entrys graduate resident tutor, and Bryan contacted Dan, our dorms Residential Life Associate. Dan talked to our housemaster, whos a professor in Adams department, and he talked to Adams professor. To make things official, Adam had to go to the counseling deans and get an official excuse, but that was pretty much a formality by the time I finished bawling my eyes out to Dan. :) It was not a fun experience, but everyone involved was extraordinarily understanding and helpful. 4. Marta asked, I read that registration day occurs the day before our first day of class. Does this mean that we dont register for classes until that day? Or have I perhaps misread something? Im somewhat confused Upperclassmen at MIT do register on Registration Day, which is the day before the first day of classes. Freshmen actually register a few days before that when they meet with their freshman advisors. I know it sounds really crazy and hectic, but its not a huge deal class schedules come out a long time before that (next falls schedule will be available April 19), so you usually know what youre taking a long time before you officially turn in your registration sheet. MITs not a very big place, so there arent too many classes you have to worry about getting into just lotteried classes. The general procedure for upperclassman registration is as follows: Student picks classes from the catalogue, student meets with advisor on Reg Day to get approval to take those classes (largely a formality), student attends the first week of class and decides whether to add or drop certain classes. 5. Anonymous asked, Will graduate school or med school look at the gpa out of 5.0 or out of 4.0? I personally think it is fairer for the gpa to be looked at out of 5.0 since MIT is extremely tough. The system is out of 5.0. A=5, B=4, C=3, D=2, F=0. (I dont know what happened to the 1.) I always translate when Im talking to someone from another school unfortunately, its not possible to say I got a 4.5 at MIT and pretend that its only out of 4, because its not. On graduate and professional school applications, they will always ask for the scale used at your school, and you will dutifully select the Five-point scale option. Or else they will ask you to convert your GPA, and being the intelligent person that you are, you will dutifully convert it to a four-point scale. MIT is tough, and graduate school admissions personnel are completely aware of that fact. We dont need to artificially boost our GPAs to get into top graduate and professional schools.

Essay on Googles Three Thirds Hr Tem - 691 Words

Lisette Moreno- Rosado Module 4 Case Study Google’s â€Å"Three-Thirds† HR Team 1) Using Table 11-1, in order to turn Google’s HR group into a true team, : a. Leadership must become a shared activity b. Accountability must shift from strictly individual to both individual and collective c. The group must develop its own purpose or mission d. Problem solving must become a way of life, not a part-time activity. e. Effectiveness must be measured by the group’s collective outcome and product. (Organizational Behavior, Kreitner/Kinicki, 2013, p301) Google’s HR Team is divided into three Subgroups. According to JR Katzenback and DK Smith (The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High Performance†¦show more content†¦Trust permits parties to the relationship to take risks because they both believe that neither will act without first considering the action’s impact on the relationship. Trust is what frees employees to put their full energy and commitment to work. (Organizational Behavior, Kreitner/Kinicki, 2013, p312). A cross functional team is a group of people with complementary skills who are chosen to achieve a common goal and are mutually accountable for the team’s success (Katzenback amp; Smith, 1993). Because of the specialization of each sub-group, there are high levels of interdependence. Such strong interdependence requires trust (Sheppard amp; Serman, 1998; Shapiro, 1987). Developing trust in a cross functional environment may be difficult due to unshared and sometimes conflicting goals and perceived differences in professional allegiance. People from different disciplines often have different functional objectives, priorites and agendas (Jasswalla amp; Sashittal 1999). Trust must be earned and it takes time to accomplish this. In the case of Google’s HR team, Bock encourages regular interaction and knowledge sharing among the members. This is a good way of establishing this trust. 4) In this type of cross functional team, Instrumental cohesiveness is more important. Instrumental Cohesiveness is a sense of togetherness that develops when group members are mutually dependent on one another because they believe they could not achieve the

Obesity, Lack Of Nutrition And Physical Activity - 945 Words

Obesity, Lack of Nutrition and Physical Activity Health is about creating a balance between input and output of energy and materials that are necessary for normal body growth, and the purpose of health is having a positive outlook for further survival. Abnormal nutrition practices have a significant role in an increase in non-communicable diseases. Todays, one of the biggest health concern is obesity that unfortunately is leading causes of death. According to World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is unusual or extreme fat added that may impair health (Torres-Fuentes, Schellekens, Dinan, Cryan, 2015). Indeed, obesity or overweight happens once energy stored in the body as fat tissue and becomes very large, but many people who suffer from weight gain believe the body s metabolism or slow metabolism are the main cause of this problem. Unfortunately, more than 1.4 billion adults and 40 million children in the world are overweight than the normal, healthy weight (Raine et al., 2014). There is the multifactorial reason, such as envir onmental, genetic, disease, nutrition, and physical activity which has a significant impact on overweight. This study was aimed to investigate the relation between nutrition, physical activity, and obesity has been set. Nutrition Nutrition will help the organism to receive proper nutrients and use them to deliver growth or repair of the body tissue. An unhealthy diet and consumption of processed foods and beverages are the effective etiology ofShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion For Combating Obesity973 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity prevalence rates have been steadily increasing in the United States and in 2010; it was identified in more than 42 million pre-schoolers (WHO, 2013). Obesity has various medical risks that are related to obesity in children including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnoea, asthma, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, orthopaedic complications, and a reduced life expectancy. Health promotion to combat childhood obesity is therefore needed to prevent childhood obesity andRead MoreAn Early Prevention Of Healthy Diet And Physical Activities1190 Words   |  5 PagesAn early prevention of healthy diet and physical activities can prevent obesity. U.S. Department of Health Human Services (n.d) concluded that about 80.3 million Americans are physically inactive and about 78 million Americans are obese. By the year 2018, healthcare cost is projected to be US $344 billion (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Kim Basu (2016) studied 12 different articles that indicated that since 1990s, the rate of obesity has increased by 30 percent. Due to thisRead MoreFactors In Decreasing The Risk Of Obesity920 Words   |  4 Pages Decreasing the Risk of Obesity Aidrea M. Ford Grand Canyon University: HLT-550 August 2, 2017 Decreasing the Risk of Obesity One of the leading health indicators identified by HealthyPeople2020 is nutrition, physical activity, and obesity (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017). These factors are important to living a healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition combined with a healthy body weight and physical activity is key to decreasing the risk of developing seriousRead MorePolicy Priority Issue : The Childhood Obesity Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy priority issue: The childhood obesity Childhood obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. In 2013, the number of overweight children under the age of five was estimated over 42 million. Childhood obesity can cause premature death and disability in adulthood. Overweight and obese children will grow up to become obese adults and are more likely to develop diseases like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at aRead MoreChildhood Obesity And How Can We Change It?862 Words   |  4 Pages Why is There Childhood Obesity and How Can We Change It? Patricia Brown Gen 499: General Education Capstone Instructor Sonja Bethune 11/23/15 We hear so many times that the children are our future. Our future is dying right before our eyes. They are obese and it is an epidemic that needs to stop. Obesity is not something to be taken lightly. It can lead to so many complications and future chronic health issues like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and kidney diseaseRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The United States1202 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is becoming one of the top public health concerns in the United States. â€Å"Over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese† (World Health Organization, 2015). With the drastic increase in obese children over the last 30 years and the huge healthcare associated costs many programs and incentivesRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Obesity And Obesity1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past 30 years, the rate of overweight and obese children has been growing at an alarming rate. The cause of this increasing problem is due to lack of physical activity, poor eating habits, and genetics. Childhood obesity can also lead to conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and bone problems later on in life. The prevalence of obesity varies among ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age. Hispanics (22.4%) and non-Hispanic black youths (20.2%) are more likely to be overweight andRead MoreObesity Prevention and The Nurse ´s Role1472 Words   |  6 Pagespreventing Obesity It cannot be denied that obesity is a growing problem in today’s modern society. Individuals with obesity face many complications in their lives, such as heart complications, diabetes, osteoarthritis and of course, early mortality. However, the astonishing thing is that obesity is a preventable disease. According to (the Department of Health, 2005, p.6), 39% of Irish adults are overweight, and 18% are classified as obese. The main factors in causing obesity are poor diet, lack of activityRead MoreObesity Rates Among The United States1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe obesity rate in America has become a major national health issue over the last several decades. Increasingly alarming statistics have garnered national headlines. Current statistics place 68.5% of the U.S. population in classifications ranging from overweight to super obese. Approximately 35% of all U.S. adults currently fall under the label of obese.(Ogden, et al., 2014) Potentially more alarming is the prevalence of obesity in adolescents. U.S. youth are becoming obese at earlier andRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic With The United States Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesReducing Childhood Obesity †¢ Introduction o Childhood obesity has become an epidemic with the United States o The Healthy People 2020 Topic †¢ Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese (Healthy People 2020, 2016). o Definition of Childhood Obesity: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), a child with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex are considered

Although Protestants Free Essays

The end of 20th Century saw denominationalism crop up in the church which was eroding the traditions upon which the Christian faith was based. Although Protestants started a good thing, in the end it spurned out of control as many sought to have a denomination that could give them an identity and a sense of purpose in the carrying out the mission of Christianity. Denominationalism has been hailed as an evil thought but ironically it is replacing the religious practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Although Protestants or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the old times, it was associated with ethnic, racial or even class division but with modern times it has evolved to stratification through secularization and education. Sociological analysis is playing a part in disseminating this information because of the way the American society has become polarized especially when it comes to religion (Christianity). Many people have moved from the main stream churches and have found identities in the modern charismatic churches that do not so much revolve around traditions but are embracing modern ideologies and secularization. In the old times, people used to stick to one denomination (church) for a lifetime but now things have changed with people switching churches at least once in lifetime. The aspect of denominationalism is a new aspect to me which I thought was a normal thing but its interesting to know that it was based on ethnic or even racial differences in the early days of Christianity. In the advent of modernization, it has evolved to be discrimination based on education, and doctrinal bases and going world wide. Many people join churches without knowing what or why the churches are founded just to get a religious identity. Religion is something that is aimed at bringing and uniting people together and denominationalism may be doing that but the underlying reasons are wrong. The cropping of this practice rose as a result of difficult in maintaining the religious traditions mainly due to the liberal nature of people wanting to embrace their own identities and also the conservatives loosing their moral authority towards the 21st century. The important message that this article is putting through is that the divisions in Christianity should not be there in the first place because they contradict the tenets of Christianity. It is a noble idea but bringing people together does not involve segregation of others in order to give a sense of identity to a few people. Conclusion Denominationalism has been portrayed more negative than positive which I do not agree because as the article points out, it gives a sense of identity to different people and there is no way all people can fit in one denomination but that does not call for establishment of many denominations. People do not subscribe to the same doctrinal values and therefore whichever denomination they are comfortable in, it is their right to go there. The idea of denominationalism has been portrayed as a division in the Christianity faith which may be true but I do not agree with it. There is no such thing as the standard way of doing things but somehow things have to be done and as long as they are not contravening the law and are morally right, then they ought to be followed. According to me this is the basis of denominationalism where it is based on the way we perform different religious practices and rites like singing, praying and preaching. This article has merely aroused curiosity about denominationalism and it has not dug in deep to bring tangible evidence of what it has caused in the society and what can be done about it. The article has done it as an overview and therefore it should address the issue in depth and how modern Christians can cope with it in embracing their faith and keeping their identity intact. Reference Nancy, T. (2000). New Life for Denominationalism. Retrieved   June 2, 2009 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://hirr.hartsem.edu/bookshelf/ammerman_article3.html    How to cite Although Protestants, Papers

Role of the Fair Work Commission in Approving of Agreements Sample

Question: Discuss the Role of the Fair Work Commission in the Making and Approving of Agreements. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, there are various industries that are functions in the economy and it is seen that various complex strategies and operational plans are initiated in order to survive in the economy. Out of all the activities that are initiated by a business, employees play a vital role in the development of a firm. The organizations try to construct various strategic plans so that they keep their employees happy and satisfied. However, there are circumstances when employee relations get disrupted due to various factors and that leads to ineffective functioning of the business. The employees who work in an organization are simple citizens of the world and therefore, any problems that are faced by them is a cause of concern for the Government and therefore construct various Commissions that tries to resolve all the problems pertaining to the employees (Stewart et al., 2014). In Australia, the Government of Australia has constructed the Fair Work Commission that is a industrial relations tribunal that abides by the Fair Work Act of 2009. This Commission has the power and the authority of regulating the minimum wages that requires to be paid and other relevant issues to reduce the level of discrepancies and allowing the organizations functioning in the Australian economy to abide by the policies framed by them (French et al., 2014). The paper therefore, tries to find out the process agreement, permission for the agreement, the steps involved and the strengths and weaknesses of the Commission. Fairs Works Commission The industrial relations tribunal looks to secure the perspective of the employees and thereby enhancing their position in the economy and the organization. The Commission has a procedure and any problem requires to be gone through a proper procedure before an action is taken. The following are the various points that this essay tries to discuss. How does the Fair Work Commission make agreements? The Fair Work Commission undertakes an agreement in order to create a treaty among the employers and the employees (Layton et al., 2013). The Fair Work Commission provides collective information about the methods of establishing agreements of enterprise as well as evaluate the approve agreements. An agreement regarding an enterprise is undertaken between one or more employers and among employees consisting of two or more with the help of the selected agents. It is seen that where Greenfield agreements take place where there are no staffs, the owner makes a negotiation with employee unions consisting of one or more (Australian Human Rights Commission 2016). The Fair Work Commission acts as a middleman between the agreements that are undertaken between two or more employers and two or employees and maintains record for their relationships. The Commission is the legal body that acts a regulating body and announces decisions when there are any problems within the agreed parties. Therefore, it is seen that Fair Works Commission is the statutory body with respect to industrial relations. How does the Fair Work Commission approve agreements? The Fair Work Commission being the regulatory body looks into all the actions that are related to industry relations and undertakes various policies and recommendation plans to make amendments in the policies and regulations. An agreement is not valid unless it is approved by the Commission. The commission before approving the agreement undertakes various evaluation processes in order to find out all the information that are associated between the parties undertaking the agreements (Charlesworth, Macdonald 2015). The commission provides a form where all the information regarding the parties needs to be mentioned and then submitted along with the various other documents like identity proofs, agreement documents and the time span of the agreement. The commission analyzes every section of the documents and examines the validity of the agreement and then after various speculations approves the agreement to the parties. The Fair Work Commission being the only commission that looks into the industrial relations is loaded with various burdens and responsibilities that they need to undertake in order to keep a dispute free economy. What are the steps that are involved in making and approving of agreements? After the completion of bargaining, an agreement has been proposed where few specifics steps require to be taken to ascertain the agreement can be approved by the Fair Work Commission. The various steps that are involved are as follows: Pre-approval steps taken by employers Explanation of the terms taken by employers Terms Explained It is the work of the employer to undertake reasonable steps to make sure that the terms of the agreement and the impact on those terms are described to the employees. The description is given in a suitable manner (Creighton et al., 2016). Notice and Vote to Approve A vital section of the employees who are working in a firm during the time who will come under the agreement proposed must agree for the proposal by giving a vote for it. The vote requires to undertaken within 21 days after the last day when the employees were provided with a notice about their rights (Davis 2014). The employer needs to undertake various seteps to make sure that during the 7 day period of access the employed employees at the time who will come under the agreement are provided with a copied document of the agreement and any other documents that are incorporated by reference in the agreement. The employer must requires to take all the steps tom make sure that by the initiation of the 7 day access period the pertinent employees requires to be notified of the time the vote will undertake, the place of the vote and the method used for voting. Applying to the Commission for approval After the completion of the enterprise agreement, a bargaining agent for the agreement requires to apply to the Commission for permission of the agreement with the use of Form F16, which is an form for application for the permission of enterprise agreement, which can be discovered in the website. The application requires to be submitted to the Commission within 14 days of the agreement being established or in the time provided by the Commission. The application requires to be submitted with a copy of the agreement that is signed along with any assertions that the Fair Work Commission Rules 2013 or policies to escort the application Form F17, which is an employers avowal in sustenance of application for permission of the enterprise agreement (Izzo 2016). The process of completed application can be submitted via email, express post or in person at any Commission offices, or can be electronically be forwarded through the Online Lodgment Service. Considerations of the Commission To endorse an agreement of an enterprise, the Commission must be gratified that: The pre-approval process have been undertaken The agreement has been authentically concurred to by the pertinent employees The agreement undergoes the better off overall test The agreement does not have any conditions, which prohibits or have the impact of leaving out the NES or a stipulation of the NES (Clibborn 2015) The agreement does not incorporate any unlawful tenures or delegated outworker terms The cluster of employees wraps by the agreement was moderately selected The agreement states a date as its ostensible expiry date i.e not more than 4 years after the date the Commission approves The agreement gives a disagreement settlement process The agreement is inclusive of a suppleness clause and a clause of consultation. Undertaking Approvals The Commission may endorse an agreement of the enterprise that are not meeting the obligations of the Fair Work Act 2009 if it satisfies through a written undertaking meeting the issues (Wilson Pender 2017). The Commission only grants a written statement from an employer, after looking for the visions of each bargaining agents and if they are satisfied that the impact of granting the undertaking is not likely to have an effect on the financial damage to any employee and result in considerable transformations to the agreement then they are approved. Approval When the Commission grants the agreement it will publish a decision with the granted agreement and any responsibilities acknowledged by it are attached (Biggs et al., 2015). A copy will be forwarded to all the involved parties, and the agreement and decisions will be published in the website. the strengths and weakness of the process The strengths are discussed as follows: For Employers: The process can provide a much easier process for compensating its employees in comparison to the severe submission of the pertinent modern award. In various working environment there are various awards that applicable to its employees, but even where there is no the possibilities for application and interpretation of a modern award can be multifaceted and time-consuming for employers (Findlay Thompson 2017). An EBA process can rationalize this method by integrating overtime, rates of penalty, remunerations and other award prerogatives into a base rate owed to employees according to the categorization degree under the award. For Employees: It provides an assurance that the period of the EBA process puts them in a place that is Better Off Overall than if they were remunerated according to the innovative award. Fair Work Australia will not grant an EBA unless the BOOT is gratified, which ranks the employee in a better situation due to the EBA outcomes (Shofinita Langrish 2014). The bargaining method of an EBA also gives the employees with the chance to link together and to bargain collectively on the rules of the agreement, often with the advantage of union illustration. Weakness For Employers The major drawback is the cost and time necessary to bargain the EBA and to go through the process of approval with Fair Work Australia. There is a stern development and timeframe that must be undertaken and any breakdown to follow these can lead to refusal of the EBA. For Employees There are generally not many drawbacks for being a party of the agreement process. If an employee requires to be symbolized by the union then they require to pay union fees which, over time-period, can lead to noteworthy figures of money (Worth Squelch 2015). Furthermore, in order to be granted an EBA needs majority of the vote. If an employee are not in terms with the union or with the bulk votes then they do not have any choice other than to be a part of the agreement. Conclusion The above paper therefore, as a whole describes all the work an the process that are undertaken by Fair Work Commission and it is seen that they have a lot of burden of work that they function. The paper discusses about the agreement and the process undertaken by the Commission in order to efficiently approve and maintain the agreements. The paper even describes the approval process and reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the process. References Australian Human Rights Commission. (2016). 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